Fenugreek - Side Effects, Uses and Benefits
What Is Fenugreek?
Fenugreek is an annual herb with light green leaves and small white flowers. It is a member of the pea plant family (Fabaceae) but it is also known by Greek hay (Trigonella Foenum-graecum).
Fenugreek plants grow to about two to three feet tall, and the seed pods contain 10-20 small, flat, yellow-brown, pungent and aromatic seeds.
Fenugreek seed have a bitter taste similar to celery or maple syrup. They are used in medicine. When cooked, however, the taste is far better.
The graecum seeds, which are usually dried and ground, are the most widely used part of fenugreek. The leaves can be used for cooking.
Fenugreek is a natural remedy for inflammation. It can be taken orally. Fenugreek oil can also be used to make soaps and cosmetics.
As noted in the book "Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety," fenugreek extract and oil are known to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antitumorigenic activities. It is cultivated in India, North Africa, Egypt, and the Middle East. It has been used in traditional medicine for centuries.
The fenugreek herb acts as a gum and an emulsifier, making it useful as a stabilizer as well as thickening agent for food. It's also used as a spice and flavoring agent in food preparation.
Nutrition Facts
One tablespoon of fenugreek leaves contains:
35.5 calories
Carbohydrates: 6.8 grams
2.5 grams protein
0.7% of fat
Fiber: 2.7g
3.7 mgs iron (20% DV).
0.1 milligram manganese (7 percent DV)
Copper, 0.1 milligram (6 percent DV).
21 mgs magnesium (5 percent DV).
32.6 milligrams phosphorus (3 percent DV)
0.1 milligram vitamin B6 (3 percent DV)
Health Benefits
While more research is needed in terms of identifying and confirming all of the plant's benefits, this herb has been shown to help with numerous health issues. These are the nine most well-known fenugreek health benefits.
1. Can Improve Digestive Problems and Cholesterol Levels
The herb can help with many digestive issues, including upset stomach, constipation, and inflammation. Research has shown that fenugreek's water-soluble fiber, which is also found in other foods, can help relieve constipation.
Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, it is often included in a diet plan for ulcerative colitis. This herb appears to benefit those with heart conditions, such as hardening of the arteries and high blood levels of certain fats, including cholesterol and triglycerides.
It may also help diabetics. In fact, a study out of India showed that administering 2.5 grams of fenugreek supplement twice daily for three months to people dealing with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus significantly lowered cholesterol naturally, along with triglycerides, without affecting HDL cholesterol.
2. Reduces inflammation in the body
Fenugreek is a natural remedy for inflammation, which can lead to health problems and diseases such as:
Mouth ulcers
Boils
Bronchitis
Infection of the tissues beneath the surface of the skin
Tuberculosis
Chronic coughs
Cancer
Kidney disease
These herbal remedies may have preventive effects. However, they are also believed to lower blood sugar. They could also be beneficial for managing other metabolic and nutritive disorders like diabetes. A 2017 study showed that the simple addition of fenugreek to a diet plan and exercise can have a synergistic impact on fasting glucose levels.
For the study, patients with type 2 diabetes received 10 grams of the seeds soaked in hot water every day.
Fenugreek appears to slow absorption of sugars in the stomach and stimulate insulin. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the spice is known as a "phlegm mover" and is said to break up stuck energies and cool inflammation within the body.
Research published in International Immunopharmacology studied the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fenugreek mucilage on arthritic rats and confirmed its power to fight inflammation. This research also "demonstrated a potential beneficiary effect of Fenugreek Mucilage on adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Rats," suggesting that this herb could be used as a natural arthritis treatment.
3. Helps Increase Libido in Men
Fenugreek can be used to treat erectile dysfunction, hernias and other male issues, including baldness. It may also increase testosterone and sexual arousal.
While it's best to consult with a physician before using natural therapies for treating disease or improving sexual performance, fenugreek seed powder, fenugreek tea and tablets have been shown to increase sexual desire and performance in men, as well as naturally remedy impotence.
In a study published in Phytotherapy Research, 60 men between the ages of 25 and 52 years with no history of erectile dysfunction were supplemented with either a placebo or 600 milligrams of fenugreek extract per day for six weeks.
Through self-evaluation, the participants noted their results with fenugreek, reporting that the fenugreek dietary supplement had a positive effect on their libidos. The study concluded that fenugreek extract had a significant effect on sexual arousal and energy, and helped participants maintain their normal testosterone levels.
4. Promoting breastfeeding milk flow
Fenugreek also helps breastfeeding women who may experience low milk supply. Because it is a galactagogue, it can help increase breast milk production.
Galactagogues are substances that help with increasing milk supply. They stimulate the milk ducts, and can boost milk production as quickly as 24 hours.
While more research is needed to determine the exact efficacy and safety of fenugreek for increased breast milk production, several studies in scientific journals note its use in promoting milk flow.
This is a potential benefit of fenugreek seed seeds for women. However, research generally recommends that you seek help from a lactation consultant if you have issues with breastmilk production.
5. Helps Treat Wound, Skin and Scalp Issues
Fenugreek has been shown to reduce inflammation. It can also be used externally as an ointment. Research indicates that this reduces external inflammation and can treat:
Swelling and pain in the lymph nodes and muscles
Gout
Wounds
Leg ulcers
Sciatica
Dandruff
Eczema
It's important to test the area first to ensure that it does not burn or further inflame the area, however.
Hair benefits can also be attributed to fenugreek. Although research is limited, anecdotal reports suggest that fenugreek tea and fenugreek seed powder can be used on your hair to promote hair growth and improve texture.
6. Adds Flavor and Spice to Food
Fenugreek is a common ingredient in Indian food, especially curried dishes. It can also be used to flavor imitation maple syrup, food, beverages, and tobacco.
Fenugreek leaves can also be used in salads. Fresh and dried leaves can also be used in Indian cooking.
7. This helps to increase appetite
Fenugreek's flavor enhancement properties are not the only benefits. It also increases appetite, which is a result of its nutritive and restorative properties.
The effects of a fenugreek extract on feeding behavior was the subject of a study published in Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. Experiments were performed to determine food consumption and motivation to eat, as well as metabolic-endocrine changes.
Chronic oral administration of fenugreek oil significantly increased food intake and motivation to eat. The report also indicated, however, that the treatment does not prevent anorexia nor the decreased motivation to eat.
8. May enhance exercise performance
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine reported a study on the effects of fenugreek and creatine supplementation on strength and body composition of men.
Forty-seven men who had been resistance-trained were then divided into two different groups based upon their body weight. The dextrose placebo was given to each group, along with five grams of creatine (70 grams) and 70 grams dextrose. Each group also received 3.5 grams of creatine (900 milligrams) and eight weeks of periodized resistance-training.
Body composition, muscular strength endurance and anaerobic capacity of participants were tested. The creatine/fenugreek group showed significant increases in lean mass, bench press and leg press strength.
The study found that creatine and fenugreek extract supplementation had a significant influence on upper body strength, body composition, and overall health.
What makes this so special? Fenugreek may work well with creatine supplementation to increase creatine uptake. It may also eliminate the need to consume excessive amounts of simple carbs. You might want to add fenugreek to your list for the best pre-workout foods.
9. It helps to improve blood sugar
A clinical trial found that consuming fenugreek leaves soaked in hot water can be a complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Over the course of eight weeks, 11 out of a total of 18 participants consumed fenugreek seeds soaked in hot water, and the remaining seven consumed fenugreek seeds mixed with yogurt. The blood glucose levels of participants who ate the seeds soaked with hot water were significantly lower than those who ate them mixed with yogurt.
What is fenugreek? - Dr. Axe
How to Use (plus Recipes)
Fenugreek's long history has been both a medicinal and culinary herb. Fenugreek is used to cook, stimulate milk production and for traditional remedies such as diabetes and lack of appetite.
It can also be used on the skin and hair to reduce inflammation.
Here are some of these most common uses for plants:
Breast milk production: Fenugreek supplements or tea may help boost breast milk production, especially in the days immediately following child birth.
Digestion: Fenugreek tea, seed powder or supplements may help aid digestive issues like constipation, upset stomach and loss of appetite.
To reduce inflammation and pain, fenugreek can be used topically as an anti-inflammatory poultice.
Cholesterol: Although there is mixed evidence, using fenugreek seed powder or supplements may help reduce high cholesterol levels.
Skin health: Fenugreek oil or seed powder can be used topically to improve skin health and reduce inflammatory disease symptoms.
Hair health: Mix fenugreek seeds powder with coconut oil, aloe vera, and massage into your scalp. Let it sit for five minutes and then rinse.
Exercise performance: Fenugreek supplementation for eight weeks can improve exercise performance as well as decrease body fat.
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